Is Microwave Popcorn Bad for You: Does It Cause Cancer?

Is microwave popcorn healthy? Discover the truth

Is microwave popcorn unhealthy? Why is microwave popcorn bad for you? These questions have sparked a heated debate in recent times. This popular snack offers convenience, but there is doubt about its health benefits. So, let’s explore the science to make an informed choice about the place of microwave popcorn in our diets. 

What are PFOS and PFOA? Do they make microwave popcorn that causes cancer?

Some studies have raised alarms about the potential link between microwave popcorn and toxic chemicals that may lead to cancer development (1, 2). It’s due to certain chemicals used in the production process. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFOS) that might be present in microwave popcorn bags (3, 4, 5) play a major role in this topic of concern.

Both PFOA and PFOS exposures from chemical plants have been correlated to several cancers, including pancreatic, lung, kidney, and testicular cancer (6, 7). They are also linked to immune system problems in children, weight gain, high cholesterol levels, and thyroid disease (7, 8). 

Because of these potential risks, PFOS production and use were discontinued in 2002 (9). In the United States, PFOA emissions and usage stopped by the end of 2015 (9). However, it’s unclear if these changes have been adopted in Asia (9). 

After eliminating these chemicals, PFOS and PFOA exposure from microwave popcorn might not be a problem anymore.

Nevertheless, consumers must be aware of certain substances that might still be used in the packaging.

PFOS and PFOA in popcorn bags: Microwave popcorn danger

Regarding harmful toxins in microwave popcorn, chemicals in its bag may pass to the food (1, 10).

A 2008 study showed that fluorochemical compounds in a microwave popcorn bag can pass to the food. When microwave popcorn bags are heated, there is a possibility of PFOA and PFOS transferring to the popcorn (11). It means when you eat popcorn, you might be exposed to these chemicals. 

This can be a problem as both PFOA and PFOS have been linked to various health issues, including cancer risks (3, 4, 5). These compounds also can remain in the human body for a long time. It might take around seven years for PFOA and 9.6 years for PFOS to be eliminated from the bloodstream (12). 

Most manufacturers have responded to these concerns and offer microwave popcorn bags free from PFOS, PFOA, and other harmful chemicals (9). But this possibly hasn’t been applied to Asian countries (13). 

What is diacetyl and its link to popcorn?

Diacetyl is an artificial butter-like flavoring that is commonly used in microwave popcorn. It can also be found in various food products, including wine, dairy, roasted coffee, and frying oil. Studies show that high exposure to diacetyl in industrial settings leads to respiratory issues, such as bronchiolitis obliterans, referred to as “popcorn lung” (14, 15).

It’s worth noting that the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has classified diacetyl as “generally regarded as safe” (GRAS) for consumption (16). This means it’s considered safe for consumption in the approved amounts. But, there are concerns about the health of workers handling large quantities of diacetyl. 

Studies have shown that inhaling diacetyl in high concentration can lead to bronchiolitis obliterans (popcorn lung) and lung function problems (14, 15). The symptoms usually appear within several months or years. 

The level of diacetyl that could cause lung issues in humans is around 500 ppm or more (17). But in places where diacetyl is handled in food plants, the average concentration is around 0.1 to 3 ppm (18, 19). The amount used in popcorn is even lower. 

Therefore, the small amounts used for flavoring are safe for consumers.

On the other hand, those working with large quantities of diacetyl who would inhale the chemical should be cautious. However, due to the risks, diacetyl has mostly been eliminated from food flavoring industries (20, 21). 

Microwave popcorn affects heart health

Some chemicals in microwave popcorn can cause possible health risks (22). Although occasional consumption may not be harmful, it is essential to be aware of the potential impact on the body. Making informed choices about our foods is crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being.

Trans fats and heart health

Another concern associated with microwave popcorn is its content of artificial trans fats. Artificial trans fats like margarine are commonly found in microwave popcorn, frozen pizza, and snacks (23). 

These fats can raise levels of “bad” LDL cholesterol and lower levels of “good” HDL cholesterol (24). It increases the risk of heart disease and cardiovascular issues (24). It may also increase the risk of obesity, as well as breast and rectal cancer (25, 26, 27). As with any food product, moderation and a balanced diet remain key factors in reducing potential risks to the body.

Best ways to make and enjoy popcorn

You can still enjoy popcorn by making it free from harmful chemicals. Here are some of the best ways and tips that you can try to enjoy a safer and healthier popcorn experience: 

Air-popped popcorn

Consider making your popcorn from scratch using a hot air popper method. Air-popped popcorn is a healthier option since it doesn’t require oils or chemical additions (28). This will make it free from unwanted additives and low calories and fats. 

Stovetop popcorn

Another healthy preparation method for popcorn you can try is the stovetop method. All you need is a saucepan, some popcorn kernels, and some oil. This way, you have complete control over the ingredients and can avoid harmful chemicals in pre-packaged options.

Use microwave-safe containers

When preparing microwave popcorn, consider using a microwave-safe container and lid, such as a glass, silicone, or ceramic container, instead of the pre-packaged bags. By doing so, you can avoid potential exposure to PFOS and PFOA that may be present in microwave popcorn bag coatings. This alternative method provides a safer option while still achieving the convenience of microwave preparation.

Choose healthier cooking oils

To try stovetop popcorn, you should consider using healthier oils or substitutes such as olive oil, coconut oil, or avocado oil instead of traditional butter or margarine. This can help reduce the potential exposure to diacetyl, as it may be used in some margarine or frying oil. 

Transparent product labels

Look for microwave popcorn brands that explicitly state the absence of PFOS, PFOA, and diacetyl in the bag. Many brands now offer safer alternatives without compromising on taste. This ensures that you can enjoy the convenience of microwave popcorn without the worry of harmful chemicals leaching into your snack.

Be creative with popcorn seasonings

To steer clear of diacetyl, avoid using artificial butter flavorings in your popcorn. Instead, experiment with natural flavorings like nutritional yeast for a cheesy flavor. You can also experiment with herbs, spices, olive oil, or a sprinkle of cheese for a unique and wholesome taste profile.

Healthier popcorn kernels

Opt for organic and non-genetically modified (non-GMO) corn kernels when making popcorn at home. This helps to ensure that you are using a safer base ingredient without unnecessary chemicals from pesticides or genetic modifications. 

Combine with toppings

Enhance the nutritional value and taste of your popcorn by adding mix-ins like nuts, seeds, dried fruits, or even dark chocolate chips. These additions not only provide delicious flavors but also contribute valuable nutrients.